Diabetes Mellitus
* Hyperglycemia - High blood glucose level
* It is a metabolic disease.
*Divided into 2 groups
1. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
2. non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
This classification is mainly based on the requirement of insulin for treatment.
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
*Also known as type 1 diabetes or juvenile onset diabetes
*Mainly occurs in childhood (particularly between 12-15 years of age)
*IDDM about 10-20% of the known diabetics
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
*Also known as type II diabetes or adult-onset diabetes.
*Most common, 80-90% of the diabetic population
*It occurs in adults (usually above 35 years of age) and is less severe than IDDM.
Cause: Genetic and environmental factors
Blood glucose level
*Fasting (Normal) - <110 (mg/dL)
*2 hours after food (Normal) - <140 (mg/dL)
*HbA1c level - Average blood glucose levels for the past two to three months. It indicates as %.
*Normal - Below 5.7%
*Prediabetes - 5.7% - 6.4%
*Diabetes - 6.5% and above
Long term Effects of diabetes
*Atherosclerosis
*Retinopathy
*Nephropathy
*Neuropathy
Management of Diabetes mellitus
Diet (Low calories - low carbohydrate and fat, High protein and fiber rich diet) and exercise
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Tags
Health